英国法律专业(Law)介绍
作为英美法系的起源,英国法律不仅构成了许多其他国家法律制度的基础,而且英国高校的法律专业在全球也有较高的知名度,教学实力堪称一流。英国法律构成了许多国家法律制度的基础,英国在世界政治和欧洲政治以及全球金融中所处的地位使得英国的法律职业在世界上占据突出位置。
英国现行法律的基础是英格兰普通法。由于历史原因,英格兰普通法也被用来构建世界各国法律制度的基础,包括亚洲、非洲大多数英联邦国家,以及美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国。英国法律不仅构成了许多国家法律制度的基础,而且英国的法律从业者也被认为是世界上最优秀的。
全球范围内贸易形式和政治关系的变化使得法律实务和法律适用呈现出急剧扩展的势头。各国在各个方面都达成协议,例如贸易与关税、航空公司补偿与气候变化等,所有这些都需要大量的谈判和立法活动。在英国学习法学课程能使学生有机会攻读各种部门法。大多数法律专业的海外本科生赴英都选择了国际商法或国际贸易法,原因一是欧洲的刑法、宪法等系统与亚洲的差别很大,海外学生无法直接报读该专业的硕士;原因二是亚洲经济飞速增长及大量国际贸易的发生,使这类专业成为了最热门的专业之一。
英国的硕士课程分为讲授式和研究式,因为法律专业的应用性实践性很强,而且考虑到费用问题,很少有学生选择去英国上研究式的法律硕士。英国1年讲授式(Taught Programme)硕士课程通常都是1年的学制,法律专业也不例外,基本上都是12个月的时间。
英国的法律专业硕士课程适合中国学生选择的几个主要专业方向是International Business/commercial Law(国际商法), International Trade Law(国际贸易法),International Law(国际法),Commercial Law(商法),Intellectual Property Law(知识产权法), International Cooperate Law(国际协作法),Maritime Law(海事法)等。
英国法律专业由于注重分析技巧、充分论证、解决问题和与人沟通的方法,所以它能使学生具备各种能力,适应许多不同职业的要求。通过学习学生所获得的法律知识在从事很多职业时都能显示其价值,例如从事政治、社会福利、国际商务、金融和很多文职工作等。应该说在英国拿到法律专业的硕士学位后回国就业是比较理想的。目前涉外律师和涉外法律顾问的人才缺口相当大。
英国的法律专业硕士课程所颁发的学位类型通常为LLM(法学硕士),也有个别学校的个别与法律相关的专业为MA(文学硕士)。
法学硕士学位
LLM:一年制授课式法学硕士,也是最为普遍的一种硕士课程。虽说基本只读一年,但也有个别学校,如谢菲尔德大学为让学生学得更系统,学制延长到两年,学生可根据需要选择。LLM课程的范围很广,国际商法、海商法、刑事审判、犯罪学、法律研究、警察学、公共秩序都是比较热门的课程,而一些学校更开设了诸如石油法、国际体育法等特色课程。
MA或MSc硕士学位
MA或MSc:一些法律相关授课式硕士最后授予的可能是文学或理学硕士学位。这些学位区别于LLM的很可能就是不需要法学基础,而代以专业相关领域的经验。
学习法律专业的特点
学校还经常组织学生参观英国着名的律师事务所、法庭及其他重要机构,如英国国会、伦敦劳埃德船级社或伦敦证券交易所等。部分大学还安排校外课程,如去布鲁塞尔参观欧盟的法律与政治机构。学生在获得英国的法学学位之后,还需要参加本国的职业课程,作为开业的实习(期限通常为一年),才能成为执业律师。
入学基本要求
到英国读法律硕士,一般需要雅思6.5或以上,而且通常要求申请人的第一学位是法律专业。如果相关学位的话,要求要有至少5-10年以上相关工作经验。
法律 (Law) 2022年专业排名
来源:英国大学完全指南 年份:2022
2022 | 大学名称 | 得分 | 入读要求 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | University of Cambridge | 100% | 88% |
2 | University of Oxford | 98% | 88% |
3 | UCL (University College London) | 96% | 92% |
4 | London School of Economics and Political Science | 95% | 80% |
5 | University of Glasgow | 95% | 100% |
6 | King's College London, University of London | 95% | 95% |
7 | Durham University | 93% | 87% |
8 | University of Edinburgh | 92% | 92% |
9 | University of Bristol | 91% | 77% |
10 | Queen Mary University of London | 91% | 76% |
11 | University of Strathclyde | 91% | 91% |
12 | University of Leeds | 91% | 73% |
13 | University of Dundee | 91% | 83% |
14 | University of Aberdeen | 91% | 87% |
15 | University of York | 90% | 76% |
16 | University of Sheffield | 90% | 67% |
17 | Queen's University Belfast | 90% | 69% |
18 | Newcastle University | 90% | 67% |
19 | University of Warwick | 90% | 69% |
20 | University of Exeter | 90% | 69% |
21 | University of Manchester | 90% | 74% |
22 | University of Birmingham | 90% | 69% |
23 | University of Nottingham | 89% | 70% |
24 | Swansea University | 89% | 59% |
25 | Cardiff University | 89% | 66% |
26 | Glasgow Caledonian University | 89% | 88% |
27 | Lancaster University | 88% | 61% |
28 | University of Leicester | 88% | 60% |
29 | University of Kent | 88% | 60% |
30 | Ulster University | 88% | 58% |
31 | University of Liverpool | 87% | 63% |
32 | Aston University, Birmingham | 87% | 57% |
33 | University of Reading | 87% | 56% |
34 | University of Southampton | 87% | 65% |
35 | Royal Holloway, University of London | 87% | 55% |
36 | University of East Anglia UEA | 86% | 61% |
37 | University of Roehampton | 86% | 41% |
38 | University of Surrey | 86% | 55% |
39 | University of Stirling | 86% | 78% |
40 | University of Plymouth | 85% | 51% |
41 | SOAS University of London | 85% | 65% |
42 | Northumbria University, Newcastle | 85% | 54% |
43 | University of Sussex | 85% | 59% |
44 | Robert Gordon University | 85% | 73% |
45 | University of Essex | 85% | 51% |
46 | University of Lincoln | 85% | 50% |
47 | Bangor University | 85% | 53% |
48 | Edinburgh Napier University | 85% | 73% |
49 | Keele University | 85% | 50% |
50 | Edge Hill University | 85% | 53% |
51 | University of Portsmouth | 85% | 54% |
52 | University of South Wales | 85% | 47% |
53 | Bournemouth University | 84% | 45% |
54 | Manchester Metropolitan University | 84% | 52% |
55 | Abertay University | 84% | 62% |
56 | University of Hull | 84% | 54% |
57 | University of Salford | 84% | 52% |
58 | Brunel University London | 84% | 52% |
59 | Sheffield Hallam University | 84% | 47% |
60 | Aberystwyth University | 83% | 45% |
61 | City, University of London | 83% | 61% |
62 | Teesside University, Middlesbrough | 83% | 46% |
63 | University of Brighton | 83% | 44% |
64 | Leeds Beckett University | 83% | 45% |
65 | University of Derby | 83% | 54% |
66 | Coventry University | 83% | 47% |
67 | London South Bank University | 82% | 44% |
68 | Liverpool John Moores University | 82% | 56% |
69 | Nottingham Trent University | 82% | 50% |
70 | University of Bradford | 82% | 50% |
71 | Bristol, University of the West of England | 82% | 46% |
72 | Oxford Brookes University | 82% | 44% |
73 | University of Huddersfield | 82% | 54% |
74 | University of Westminster, London | 82% | 50% |
75 | Anglia Ruskin University | 81% | 41% |
76 | University of Central Lancashire | 81% | 53% |
77 | University of Chester | 81% | 49% |
78 | University of Greenwich | 81% | 49% |
79 | University of Cumbria | 81% | 50% |
80 | Solent University (Southampton) | 81% | 45% |
81 | University of Bolton | 81% | 46% |
82 | Birmingham City University | 81% | 50% |
83 | University of Bedfordshire | 80% | 46% |
84 | University of Buckingham | 80% | 50% |
85 | De Montfort University | 80% | 42% |
86 | Staffordshire University | 80% | 45% |
87 | University of Northampton | 80% | 45% |
88 | University of East London | 80% | 42% |
89 | University of Gloucestershire | 80% | 45% |
90 | University of Worcester | 80% | 44% |
91 | University of Winchester | 80% | 45% |
92 | University of West London | 80% | 46% |
93 | St Mary's University, Twickenham | 80% | 39% |
94 | Liverpool Hope University | 80% | 49% |
95 | Canterbury Christ Church University | 79% | 39% |
96 | London Metropolitan University | 79% | 41% |
97 | University of Sunderland | 79% | 39% |
98 | University of Hertfordshire | 78% | 43% |
99 | University of Wolverhampton | 78% | 41% |
100 | Middlesex University | 78% | 41% |
101 | Buckinghamshire New University | 78% | 39% |
102 | Kingston University | 77% | 44% |
103 | University of Suffolk | 77% | 39% |
104 | University of the West of Scotland | 77% | 51% |